Periodic table
1. What uses do metalloids have in common? What properties make metalloids ideal for this?
The common uses of metalloids are their application in the manufacture of semiconductors and in the manufacture of electronic devices. The metalloids are silicon, boron, arsenic, germanium, and tellurium that seem to be metallic. Nevertheless, they do not conduct electricity as well as metals and it is for this reason that they are referred to as semiconductors.
2. What are the five most recently discovered elements shown on this periodic table? Explain why it has taken so long to discover these elements
The international union of pure and applied chemistry has recently done a successful test and officially sanctioned the name as well as the name and their symbols of four elements. Namely; moscovium (Mc), Oganesson (Og), Nihoniun (Nh) and finally Tennessine (Ts) for element 115, 118, 113 and 117 respectively. However, the establishment of new elements is underway. The scientists are continuously searching for elements that look to appear beyond the 7th row in the periodic table. In relation to the earlier reports, there are claims on the discovery that the above elements have been satisfied and the repertory have been called upon to propose their names. This has enhanced it to take so long to discover these elements.
3. Explain why the noble gasses were considered to be inert gases until the 1960s. Include what about their atomic structure makes them this way.
Helium, Radon, Neon, Argon, Krypton, and Xenon are the six noble gases that belong to the category of group 18 in the periodic table. In the year 1960s, the six elements were regarded to be the inert gases. This is due to the reason that their oxidation number of 0 hinders the noble gases to generate compounds readily.
4. Explain what the term “halogen” means and why they have this name. Which halogens exist as a solid, a liquid, and a gas at room temperature?
The term “halogen” stands for “salt-producing”. They are a group of the periodic table that is composed of five elements that are chemically related. The five elements are Bromine (Br), Astatine (At), Iodine (I), Fluorine (F) and Chlorine (Cl). They have the name halogens because it’s only the periodic table group that is established to contain elements in three of the states of matter at an accepted range of temperature and pressure. The fluorine is a gas, bromine a liquid and iodine at a room, temperature
5. Explain why alkali metals are very reactive metals and do not occur freely in nature. What happens when alkali metals are exposed to water? Which alkali metals are the most reactive?
The alkaline metals are highly reactive that do not occur freely in nature. They are found in group 1 in the periodic table. The reason as to why alkaline metals do not occur freely in nature is due to the fact that they contain only one electron in the outer shell. In this regard, they are ready to lose that single electron in the ionic bonding in association with the other elements. As it is the case for the other metals, the alkaline metals are also ductile, malleable, and are established as the good conductors of electricity and heat. When the alkaline metals are exposed to water, they react with water to generate heat, the corresponding metal hydroxide and hydrogen gas. The heat that is generated through the reaction of the alkaline metals and water may ignite hydrogen that may result in an explosion. Cesium and francium are established to be the most reactive elements in this category.
6. Do metals or nonmetals typically have higher boiling points? Why do you think this is true?
Nonmetals that are established to be physically weak and are poor conductors of heat as well as poor conductors of electricity. Metals that are corporeal flexible elements that can actively conduct electricity and heat tend to at solid state at room temperatures due to their fairly high melting points. On the other hand, nonmetals can be in the form of solid, liquid or gaseous that actively depend on the element. The melting point for nonmetals and metals have broad variegation however, metals tend to melt at greater temperatures.
7. What is unique about iron, cobalt, and nickel?
The combination of one of the metals of iron, cobalt or nickel forms the magnetic alloy ferrite being an example. The strongest magnetic element is iron. It allows kinds of stuff made of one of these alloys to be attracted by magnets. Iron, Cobalt and Nickel are ferromagnetic substances which a special in the sense that they contain unpaired electrons in the valence orbital which actually acts as a magnet dipoles.
8. Why do transition metals have multiple oxidation states? (This means that they can make more than 1 type of ion.)
Oxidation is a measure of the number of ions that an element loose or gains when forming a compound. Transition metals form ionic compounds by losing ions to nonmetals. Different ions exhibit different valence shell but environmental conditions affect the number of ions lost. Thus, transition metals have more than one oxidation state.
9. Click on oxygen on the chemical elements periodic table. Find the list of its different isotopes. List them and tell how many protons, electrons, and neutrons are in each. Why do you think the oxygen-15 isotope is the only one that decays (and so quickly) when the other 3 isotopes are stable?
O- 15 there are 7 neutrons, 8 protons, and 8 electrons
O- 16 the isotope has 8 neutrons, 8 protons, and 8 electrons
O- 17 It has 9 neutrons, 8 protons, and 8 electrons
O- 18 It has 10 neutrons, 8 protons, and 8 electrons
Stability in the nucleus is determined by the ratio between neutrons and protons. Oxygen- 15 has a fewer number of protons than neutrons hence it decays quickly than the other 3 isotopes.
10. Compare the present Periodic Table with Mendeleev original Periodic Table. How were they organized? What are 3 things they had in common? What are 3 things that are different about them?
The Mendeleev periodic table was organized in a way that left room for future findings.
The similarity in the two periodic tables
1. Most of the element is the same in the two periodic tables
2. The two periods have periods and groups
3. Hydrogen clarification has always been an issue in both periodic tables
Differences between the two periodic tables
1. Modern periodic uses the atomic number to order elements while Mendeleev used atomic weight.
2. There 18 columns and 7 rows in the modern periodic table while the Mendeleev had 8 vertical columns and 12 horizontal rows.
3. There are no concepts in the modern periodic table but the Mendeleev had rooms for improvement.
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