Organ Transplant—Who Decides? By Deisy Torres

  Organ Transplant

Organ Transplant—Who Decides? By Deisy Torres

For many years, only organs from an identical twin closer or a close relative could be used for transplant. However, new ant rejection drug that either fool the immune system or block its action have been developed. The enables organs to be use even if the donor is not a family member. However, there are people needing transplants that there are organ donors.

            Most organs used for transplantation today are from accident victims. These organs come from individuals who are brain dead, but whose organs continue to function. Some potential donors have been kept “alive” by machines. When their families have agreed to donate their organs are saved and implanted in recipients who need them.

            In order to make this process as efficient and as fair as possible, a computerized network called the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) has been set up by more than 140 organ transplant center in United States. Each Network member maintains information on patients who need organs and where these patients are located. The transplant centers also maintain records of the donor’s major histocompatibility complex (MHC), blood type, and other data. MHC is a measurement of the kinds of antigens. For a transplant to occur, there has to be at least one matching antigen between the donor and the recipient. A perfect match of four critical antigens would reduce the changes of the recipient rejecting the organ to a minimum.

Because there are so many more potential recipients than donors, transplant centers maintain waiting lists. When an organ becomes available, the recipient with the best match, of antigens usually gets it. Sometimes, however, the organ will go to a recipient who is not as close a match, but desperately ill, especially if the best match has a good chance of surviving the wait for another organ. Other factors also influence the choice of recipient. Doctors often try to match the weight of the donor to that of the recipient, for example.

            Today, the decision as to who receives donated as they become available is made by the doctor, usually part of the committee at a hospital that does transplants. But some people feel that this should be just a medical decision. What happens when one organ is available that matches two extremely patients? For example, how do doctors choose between two heart patients—say a young boy and a young woman who has just had her first bay? Obviously, these are though, if not impossible, decisions that must be made.

            Would these decisions be easier if more organs were available for donation? The answer is probably yes, but it is not easy to increase the supply of available organs. People who have just lost a love one are not thinking about organ donation. Often, by the time they do think about it, it may be too late to remove healthy organs.

            Individuals should weigh the pros and cons of organ donation when they are able to think and reason clearly, before an injury or illness strikes. If a decision is made to donate organs, two things should be done: (1) the individual should carry an organ donor card and (2) he/she should notify family members of the decision. By doing so, they need for family members to make a sound decision at a stressful time is eliminated.

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