Internet banking
This chapter introduces to the reader an overview of the dissertation; it covers the overall importance of Internet Banking Services. Hence, a background of the Internet Banking and its adaptations in different industries is provided, followed by problem statement, and aims and objectives, research questions, the contribution of the dissertation, limitation of the study, and finally an outline the dissertation structure.
1.1 Background
Since the turn of the 21st century, there has been a worldwide trend shift, directing toward an Internet-based information society. As the evolution of globalization, banking institutions worldwide tended to utilize the internet to reduce their operation costs. Internet banking was the success factor to achieve this goal, through its ability to make customers to open a new banking account, downloads forms and process different activities such as loan request, money transfer, online payment, etc.
Internet banking (IB) is being regarded as a key element of national development for many countries. For example, China is one of the most advanced internet-oriented society and its achievements in IB are in line with the most advanced countries. Such achievements were realized not only by a great period in the development of IB but also by continued efforts of public and private sectors that have helped the effective establishment of a national strategy for an internet-oriented society (Anirban Bose, 2018). In recent years many Middle East countries designated Internet as a major task and tried to use the internet as a driving force for their economic growth. These efforts have made the region an area with great potential for the IT market that has high possibilities and opportunities for future IT developments (Anirban Bose, 2018). The information and communications market in the Middle East is expanding due to utilizing informatization in the public sector and efforts to vitalize the mobile communication business (Soderberg, 2015)
Policy effectiveness
However, there is still limited policy effectiveness in developing countries that have poor IB infrastructure. This is due to the lack of skilled human resources, the irrationality of government policies, and an inadequate social system. Meanwhile, there has been rapid growth in the use of new information and IB across the range of private and commercial sectors. Many banks worldwide have introduced e-banking systems as a means of reducing costs, improving services to citizens, and increasing effectiveness and efficiency in the private sector (Carter, L., & Bélanger, 2005)
E-Banking uses information technologies to provide better efficiency, in which, bank services are available to different e-banking’s stakeholders (e.g., citizens, businesses, employees, and agencies) and increase the convenience and approachability of banking services to citizens(Carter & Bélanger, 2005).
Kurdistan Region of Iraq (hereafter KRI) was ranked as one of the most underdeveloped banking industry in the Middle East of North-Africa (MENA) (Musa, 2017).
The banking sector in KRI is a part of the banking sector of Iraq. In general, banks in KRIare characterized by their dependence on the economic situation of the region. The reform of the banking system in the region is a challenge, due to the political culture and security struggles. Its economy is mainly depending on oil export, making the economy and banking industry more fragile (Fund, 2017).
Results of political challenges
The political challenges have caused the majority of the population of KRInot to trust the banking system. This has resulted in a substantial loss of untapped potential customer base. According to statistics, more than 80% of the population does not have a bank account, which translates to 75% of the financial system in terms of assets, and 77% of GDP (Musa, 2017)
Lack of trust in the banking industry is traced back to the political and economic history of banking, which has paralyzed the development of this sector in Iraq and Kurdistan. In general, people do not trust banking because of their dependence on the booming and boosting of the economy which in turn depend on the political agenda.
The political history of banking in the region has caused the industry to lag behind. According to CIA report (2007) on the banking system in Iraq, the nationalization of the banking system in Iraq in 1965, and converting the privately owned commercial banks to state-owned banks led the industry to deteriorate in terms of customer service and operational efficiency(CIA, 2007).
According to the International Monetary Fund (IMF) report (2017), the Iraqi financial sector is dominated by the state-owned banks, accounting for approximately 93% of banking system assets. These state banks are capital deficient and have a weak loan portfolio. IMF necessitates that the state-owned banks that dominate the banking system in Iraq need to be restructured (Musa, 2017).
As part of a banking reform plan that started in 2006, the Central Bank of Iraq (CBI), which is the major financial regulatory entity over the banks in Iraq as well as the Kurdistan Region, is attempting to raise credit to the economy. Despite these attempts, the overall function of the banks in the economy remains minimal (IMF,2017).
In regards to the private banks, they remained small and have been re-established relatively recently, in the period following the second Gulf War Nasr et al. (2011). Further, the professionalism of private banks is questioned by the Central Bank of Iraq officials. Despite the political, economic struggle, there are some internal issues of banking structure and process designs in both the private and state banks. The issues of internal options of the private banks are the following:
• Lack of complete and accurate data collection on banking transactions (IMF,2017).
• Low financial infrastructure associated with shortages of skills and technology (The World Bank, 2012).
• The weaknesses in administrative capacity and data provision (IMF,2017).
As shown in Figure 1.1, Iraq’s banking sector, including both private and state banks, is shallow and has a very small credit percentage to the economy.
Get Professional Assignment Help Cheaply
Are you busy and do not have time to handle your assignment? Are you scared that your paper will not make the grade? Do you have responsibilities that may hinder you from turning in your assignment on time? Are you tired and can barely handle your assignment? Are your grades inconsistent?
Whichever your reason is, it is valid! You can get professional academic help from our service at affordable rates. We have a team of professional academic writers who can handle all your assignments.
Why Choose Our Academic Writing Service?
- Plagiarism free papers
- Timely delivery
- Any deadline
- Skilled, Experienced Native English Writers
- Subject-relevant academic writer
- Adherence to paper instructions
- Ability to tackle bulk assignments
- Reasonable prices
- 24/7 Customer Support
- Get superb grades consistently
Online Academic Help With Different Subjects
Literature
Students barely have time to read. We got you! Have your literature essay or book review written without having the hassle of reading the book. You can get your literature paper custom-written for you by our literature specialists.
Finance
Do you struggle with finance? No need to torture yourself if finance is not your cup of tea. You can order your finance paper from our academic writing service and get 100% original work from competent finance experts.
Computer science
Computer science is a tough subject. Fortunately, our computer science experts are up to the match. No need to stress and have sleepless nights. Our academic writers will tackle all your computer science assignments and deliver them on time. Let us handle all your python, java, ruby, JavaScript, php , C+ assignments!
Psychology
While psychology may be an interesting subject, you may lack sufficient time to handle your assignments. Don’t despair; by using our academic writing service, you can be assured of perfect grades. Moreover, your grades will be consistent.
Engineering
Engineering is quite a demanding subject. Students face a lot of pressure and barely have enough time to do what they love to do. Our academic writing service got you covered! Our engineering specialists follow the paper instructions and ensure timely delivery of the paper.
Nursing
In the nursing course, you may have difficulties with literature reviews, annotated bibliographies, critical essays, and other assignments. Our nursing assignment writers will offer you professional nursing paper help at low prices.
Sociology
Truth be told, sociology papers can be quite exhausting. Our academic writing service relieves you of fatigue, pressure, and stress. You can relax and have peace of mind as our academic writers handle your sociology assignment.
Business
We take pride in having some of the best business writers in the industry. Our business writers have a lot of experience in the field. They are reliable, and you can be assured of a high-grade paper. They are able to handle business papers of any subject, length, deadline, and difficulty!
Statistics
We boast of having some of the most experienced statistics experts in the industry. Our statistics experts have diverse skills, expertise, and knowledge to handle any kind of assignment. They have access to all kinds of software to get your assignment done.
Law
Writing a law essay may prove to be an insurmountable obstacle, especially when you need to know the peculiarities of the legislative framework. Take advantage of our top-notch law specialists and get superb grades and 100% satisfaction.
What discipline/subjects do you deal in?
We have highlighted some of the most popular subjects we handle above. Those are just a tip of the iceberg. We deal in all academic disciplines since our writers are as diverse. They have been drawn from across all disciplines, and orders are assigned to those writers believed to be the best in the field. In a nutshell, there is no task we cannot handle; all you need to do is place your order with us. As long as your instructions are clear, just trust we shall deliver irrespective of the discipline.
Are your writers competent enough to handle my paper?
Our essay writers are graduates with bachelor's, masters, Ph.D., and doctorate degrees in various subjects. The minimum requirement to be an essay writer with our essay writing service is to have a college degree. All our academic writers have a minimum of two years of academic writing. We have a stringent recruitment process to ensure that we get only the most competent essay writers in the industry. We also ensure that the writers are handsomely compensated for their value. The majority of our writers are native English speakers. As such, the fluency of language and grammar is impeccable.
What if I don’t like the paper?
There is a very low likelihood that you won’t like the paper.
Reasons being:
- When assigning your order, we match the paper’s discipline with the writer’s field/specialization. Since all our writers are graduates, we match the paper’s subject with the field the writer studied. For instance, if it’s a nursing paper, only a nursing graduate and writer will handle it. Furthermore, all our writers have academic writing experience and top-notch research skills.
- We have a quality assurance that reviews the paper before it gets to you. As such, we ensure that you get a paper that meets the required standard and will most definitely make the grade.
In the event that you don’t like your paper:
- The writer will revise the paper up to your pleasing. You have unlimited revisions. You simply need to highlight what specifically you don’t like about the paper, and the writer will make the amendments. The paper will be revised until you are satisfied. Revisions are free of charge
- We will have a different writer write the paper from scratch.
- Last resort, if the above does not work, we will refund your money.
Will the professor find out I didn’t write the paper myself?
Not at all. All papers are written from scratch. There is no way your tutor or instructor will realize that you did not write the paper yourself. In fact, we recommend using our assignment help services for consistent results.
What if the paper is plagiarized?
We check all papers for plagiarism before we submit them. We use powerful plagiarism checking software such as SafeAssign, LopesWrite, and Turnitin. We also upload the plagiarism report so that you can review it. We understand that plagiarism is academic suicide. We would not take the risk of submitting plagiarized work and jeopardize your academic journey. Furthermore, we do not sell or use prewritten papers, and each paper is written from scratch.
When will I get my paper?
You determine when you get the paper by setting the deadline when placing the order. All papers are delivered within the deadline. We are well aware that we operate in a time-sensitive industry. As such, we have laid out strategies to ensure that the client receives the paper on time and they never miss the deadline. We understand that papers that are submitted late have some points deducted. We do not want you to miss any points due to late submission. We work on beating deadlines by huge margins in order to ensure that you have ample time to review the paper before you submit it.
Will anyone find out that I used your services?
We have a privacy and confidentiality policy that guides our work. We NEVER share any customer information with third parties. Noone will ever know that you used our assignment help services. It’s only between you and us. We are bound by our policies to protect the customer’s identity and information. All your information, such as your names, phone number, email, order information, and so on, are protected. We have robust security systems that ensure that your data is protected. Hacking our systems is close to impossible, and it has never happened.
How our Assignment Help Service Works
1. Place an order
You fill all the paper instructions in the order form. Make sure you include all the helpful materials so that our academic writers can deliver the perfect paper. It will also help to eliminate unnecessary revisions.
2. Pay for the order
Proceed to pay for the paper so that it can be assigned to one of our expert academic writers. The paper subject is matched with the writer’s area of specialization.
3. Track the progress
You communicate with the writer and know about the progress of the paper. The client can ask the writer for drafts of the paper. The client can upload extra material and include additional instructions from the lecturer. Receive a paper.
4. Download the paper
The paper is sent to your email and uploaded to your personal account. You also get a plagiarism report attached to your paper.
PLACE THIS ORDER OR A SIMILAR ORDER WITH US TODAY AND GET A PERFECT SCORE!!!
