Table of Contents
1.0 Introduction…………………………………………………………………… 6
2.0 HSE Procedures
2.1 Special Hazards for Experiment 6 ………………………………….. 4
2.2 Special Hazards for Experiment 4 ………………………………….. 4
2.6 Special Hazards for Experiment 5 ………………………………….. 4
2.4 Special Hazards for Experiment 6………………………………….. 5
6.0 Brief summaries of the experiments 6 to 6
6.1 Brief summary of experiment 6 ………………………………….. 5
6.2 Brief Summary of Experiment 4 ………………………………….. 6
6.6 Brief summary of Experiment 5 ………………………………….. 6
6.4 Brief Summary of Experiment 6 ………………………………….. 6
4.0 Interest in the lab ………………………………………………………….. 7
5.0 Property values measured in the experiments
5.1 Property Values for Experiment 6………………………………….. 8
5.2 Property Values for Experiment 4………………………………….. 1
5.6 Property Values for Experiment 5………………………………….. 10
5.4 Property Values for Experiment 6………………………………….. 10
6.0 Precision and Accuracy ……………………………………………………… 10
7.0 Working in teams……………………………………………………………… 11
8.0 Forming Groups ………………………………………………………………. 11
1.0 Lab Sessions Evaluation ……………………………………………………… 11
10.0 Conclusion …………………………………………………………………… 11
11.0 Recommendations…………………………………………………………… 12
1.0 Introduction
The Petroleum designing is a standout amongst the most troublesome employments on the planet since it’s the main occupation that architects work without seeing the repository, they just rely on upon lab and examinations information which is extremely difficult. Furthermore, here we are learning nuts and bolts of the petroleum building by taking these lab sessions which aides show the thoughts and speculations of the petroleum.
In this report we will be concentrating on analyses 6 to 6 that deliberate the accompanying properties:
Experiment 6: Viscosity measurements at different temperatures
Experiment 4: Gas specific gravity measurements as ambient conditions
Experiment 5: Z factor measurements
Experiment 6: Bubble point pressure measurements
This report will speak quickly about the HSE methods utilized as a part of the lab, uses of the tests and reproducing repository conditions with high temperature and the weight.
2.0 HSE Procedures
There are general HSE methods that must be taken after amid all lab analyses, for example, coverall, security glasses and wellbeing boots (PPE), a few trials require distinctive wellbeing instruments, for example, gloves relying upon the risk introduce in the analysis.
Nearby these general HSE strategies, there are sure uncommon perils and safeguards that must be particularly taken for distinctive examinations.
2.1 Special Hazards for Experiment 6
Test 6 arrangements with measuring the thickness of oil tests at diverse temperatures. The risks in this analysis include:
- Glassware, the broken glass from viscometer, must be arranged in the glass transfer holder.
- High temperature and weight of water shower.
- Oil tests which may be destructive or aggravation, so gloves must be worn in this analysis.
2.2 Special Hazards for Experiment 4
Test 4 arrangements with measuring the gas particular gravity at encompassing conditions. The risk in this trial include:
- High weight detachment gas
- Gas may contain hydrogen sulfide, so H2S finder must be there.
- Glassware, broken glass from burying the glass tube into an elastic tube.
2.6 Special Hazards for Experiment 5
Test 5 arrangements with measuring the gas compressibility element. The risks in this test include:
- High weight gas barrel
- Gas may contain H2S.
- Glassware, maybe from glass tubing.
2.4 Special Hazards for Experiment 6
Test 6 arrangements with measuring the gas compressibility element. The risks in this test include:
- High weight gas barrel.
- Moving or turning gear.
6.0 Summaries of the experiments 6 to 6
6.1 Summary of experiment 6
This examination manages to measure the consistency of distinctive oil tests at diverse temperatures. Thickness is subdivided into two classifications: kinematic consistency and element thickness. [1]. this investigation is vital in light of the fact that it decides the consistency of the oil tests at diverse temperatures which is critical for the oil repositories in light of the fact that the stream of oil relies on upon the thickness; temperature influences the consistency, as it were, that gives great show of how thickness can be influenced by temperature yet at the same time under encompassing weight. The most imperative use of liquid thickness in petroleum building is in the Darcy mathematical statement that gives the stream rates of liquids if penetrability is given.
6.2 Summary of Experiment 4
This trial manages to discover the particular gravity of gas tests at encompassing repository conditions. This trial is critical in light of the fact that it permits us to get the particular gravity of the gasses which comes as a mixture and issue us properties about the supplies without breaking down the mixture and taking a shot at it independently. Particular gravity help us focus more than one thing, for example, pseudo discriminating properties furthermore the consistency of the gasses.
6.6 Summary of Experiment 5
Test 5 arrangements with discovering the compressibility component Z of supply gasses. This trial is imperative for discovering the amendment consider that could be utilized as a part of the genuine gas mathematical statement, PV=ZNRT. Z element relies on upon 6 separate properties which are, gas arrangements, temperature, and weight. Knowing the Z variable is exceptionally useful which permit us to figure a few properties, for example, volume of gas present in the repository, particular gravity and the thickness of the gas. As specified above in Exp.4, knowing the particular gravity help us in deciding the pseudo basic properties. Since the Z element is a component of temperature and weight, the analyses must be done at temperatures and weights that reproduce repository conditions.
6.4 Summary of Experiment 6
This test manages to discover the air pocket point weight of a raw petroleum test. The air pocket point is characterized to be the weight at a given temperature at which a little amount of gas is in harmony with an expansive amount of fluid. Air pocket point is imperative on the grounds that it demonstrates the weight at which the gas gets caught inside the fluid and is going to escape and begin lessening the aggregate volume of the oil. On the off chance that the air pocket point was known then we can focus when the gas will begin creating. Then again, air pocket point weight is a component of temperature, consequently, the test ought to be done at store temperature conditions to mimic supply states and know the stages show in the repository.
4.0 Interest in the lab
The most intriguing piece of the research facilities is that we are chipping away at instruments and leading investigations that we will be working later on in the field, the most imperative one is PVT examination in light of the fact that we need to keep up those three properties in the store. It’s pivotal that we take in these abilities, for what’s to come.
While the slightest intriguing piece of the lab was that a few tests were taking long to be done, for example, Exp.6, which was taking the season of the of oil coming to a certain point (consistency).
5.0 Property values measured in the experiments
5.1 Property Values for Experiment 6
Table 1: viscosity measurement at room temperature
| Liquid type | Constant C (mm2ls)/s | Flowing time (sec) | Kinematic viscosity (cSt) | Liquid density (g/cc)
(est,/mes) |
Dynamic viscosity (cP) | Average Dynamic Viscosity (cP) |
| TS-64407
|
0.01478 | 661 | 1.62618 | 0.8550 | 7.174 | 7.161 |
| TS-64407
|
0.01478 | 621 | 1.21662 | 0.8550 | 7.15 | |
| TS-82005
|
0.01416 | 567 | 8.06652 | 0.8440 | 6.780 | 6.76 |
| TS-82005
|
0.01416 | 565 | 8.0066 | 0.8440 | 6.755 | |
| Kerosene
|
0.006120 | 800 | 5.566 | 0.8600 | 4.60 | 4.665 |
| Kerosene
|
0.006120 | 814 | 5.66288 | 0.8600 | 4.675 | |
| Brine A
(8%) |
0.006106 | 280 | 1.01668 | 1.054 | 1.156 | 1.168 |
| Brine A
(8%) |
0.006106 | 276 | 1.066668 | 1.054 | 1.124 | |
| Brine B
(15%) |
0.004022 | 216 | 1.178446 | 1.0185 | 1.215 | 1.215 |
| Brine B
(15%) |
0.004022 | 216 | 1.178446 | 1.0185 | 1.215 | |
| Brine C
(20%) |
0.004077 | 616 | 1.276101 | 1.162 | 1.444 | 1.456 |
| Brine C
(20%) |
0.004077 | 618 | 1.216486 | 1.162 | 1.467 |
Viscosity measurements at 70oC are given in the table below.
Table 2: Results of experiment 6 at 70℃
| Liquid type | Constant
C (mm2ls)/s |
Flowing time (sec) | Kinematic viscosity (cSt) | Liquid density (g/cc)
(est,/mes) |
Dynamic viscosity (cP) | Average Dynamic Viscosity (cP) |
| PED-10
|
0.007562 | 776 | 5.84 | 0.8760 | 5.1025 | 5.016 |
| PED-10 | 0.007562 | 776 | 5.82 | 0.8760 | 5.0828 | |
| TS-64407 | 0.0074675 | 410 | 6.06 | 0.8550 | 2.618 | 2.608 |
| TS-64407 | 0.0074675 | 407 | 6.04 | 0.8550 | 2.518 | |
| TS-82005 | 0.0074005 | 675 | 2.775 | 0.8440 | 2.642 | 2.64 |
| TS-82005 | 0.0074005 | 677 | 2.71 | 0.8440 | 2.655 | |
| Brine A
(8%) |
0.002154 | 2600 | 0.41542 | 1.0540 | 0.52 | 0.5176 |
| Brine A
(8%) |
0.002154 | 226 | 0.486804 | 1.0540 | 0.5161 | |
| Brine B
(15%) |
0.002164 | 255 | 0.55182 | 1.0185 | 0.606 | 0.602 |
| Brine B
(15%) |
0.002164 | 252 | 0.545 | 1.0185 | 0.511 | |
| Brine C
(20%) |
0.004477 | 272 | 0.6088 | 1.162 | 0.68124 | 0.6116 |
| Brine C
(20%) |
0.004477 | 280 | 0.626 | 1.162 | 0.70151 |
The unit of dynamic viscosity is cP
The unit of kinematic viscosity is cSt
5.2 Property Values for Experiment 4
| SG Bottle # | Wt full of air (g) | Wt vacuum (g) | Wt full gas (g) | Vol SC Bottle cc (cc) | Air density (g/cc) | Gas density (g/cc) | Gas specific gravity |
| 1 | 121.611 | 121.544 | 121.667 | 125 | 1.0675 | 1.0666 | 0.1188 |
| 1 | 160.077 | 121.156 | 160.074 | 125 | 1.0406 | 1.0661 | 0.111 |
| 2 | 128.604 | 128.152 | 128.276 | 125 | 1.0264 | 1.0252 | 0.1188 |
| 2 | 121.661 | 121.207 | 121.625 | 125 | 1.06464 | 1.0666 | 0.1181 |
The thickness of the gas and air has a unit of (g/cc) while the particular gravity is unitless in light of the fact that it is a degree between the thickness of gas and thickness of air.
5.6 Property Values for Experiment 5
In this trial we acquired the normal Z estimation of the separator gas. It was gotten that the normal Z quality is 1.06 (unitless).
5.4 Property Values for Experiment 6
The primary property measured amid this examination was the air pocket point weight for a specimen of oil. It was acquired that the air pocket point weight is 500 psi at room temperature of 20 degree Celsius.
6.0 Precision and Accuracy
Exactness and precision are critical when reporting results performed in labs. Exactness is situated of qualities that are near to one another, and precision is the closeness of the worth to the real esteem, we must rehash the ventures to get exact and precise answer, which will help us in the estimations later.
7.0 Working in teams
Working in group is indispensable for the understudies, they get the opportunity to know new individuals and new experience which will the fabricate information, we imparted the learning, learned to work proficiently without squandering time.
8.0 Forming Groups
The groups were framed in irregular draw which is reasonable, in light of the fact that later on we will be working with new individuals we need to practice from now how to carry on with new individuals amid the occupation and get the opportunity to know them so we can work proficiently.
1.0 Lab Sessions Evaluation
Generally speaking, the lab sessions were sorted out with the hypothetical course which expands on one another and makes the understudies retain the thoughts and hypotheses exceptionally well. The lab sessions were given by three to four educators which give the understudies certainty and upheld them when they require any help or questions either in the examination or, all things considered, circumstances with respect to the petroleum supplies.
10.0 Conclusion
The lab sessions are extremely informative, they are vital seeing the future on the grounds that as petroleum designers we will be working in such labs that we will without a doubt utilization to focus properties of the repository, for example, consistency of the oil, particular gravity of the gas, Z variable, air pocket point… and so forth. These properties are vital to be taught in light of the fact that they are the nuts and bolts and petroleum industry rely on upon such.
11.0 Recommendations
The PEEG 217 is an extremely powerful course in any case, so as to get more advantage from it I suggest that:
- The lab sessions could be given with the hypothesis part, such as completing one section in the hypothesis then taking the lab session.
- I propose that before every lab session a brief hypothetical acquaintance ought to be given with help the understudies.
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